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Diabetes is a widely prevalent disease in which the body does not properly produce or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy. The cause of diabetes remains unknown, although both genetics and environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise appear to play significant roles.

There are 20.8 million children and adults in the United States, or 7% of the population, who have diabetes. While an estimated 14.6 million have been diagnosed with diabetes, it’s sad to say that likely 6.2 million people (or nearly one-third) are unaware that they have the disease.

In order to determine whether or not you have pre-diabetes or diabetes, consider taking a Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG) or an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Either test is used successfully to diagnose pre-diabetes or diabetes. The American Diabetes Association recommends the FPG because it is easier, faster, and less expensive to perform.

With the FPG test, a fasting blood glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dl signals pre-diabetes. A person with a fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dl or higher has diabetes.
In the OGTT test, a person's blood glucose level is measured after a fast and two hours after drinking a glucose-rich beverage. If the two-hour blood glucose level is between 140 and 199 mg/dl, the person tested has pre-diabetes. If the two-hour blood glucose level is at 200 mg/dl or higher, the person tested has diabetes.

 

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